Gnc Vitamin B Complex 125 With C

Vitamin C

Summary

Vitamin C is a vitamin used to correct vitamin C deficiency and to increase the intestinal absorption of iron.

Brand Names

Ascor, Citranatal B-calm Kit, Concept Ob, Ferralet 90, Ferraplus, Hematogen, Infuvite, Infuvite Pediatric, Moviprep, Mvc-fluoride, Mvi Pediatric, Natafort, Plenvu, Pregvit, Vitafol-one

Generic Name

Ascorbic acid
Commonly known or available as Vitamin C

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00126

Background

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Nutraceutical

Structure

Weight: Average: 176.1241
Monoisotopic: 176.032087988
Chemical Formula: C₆H₈O₆

Synonyms

acide ascorbique
ácido ascórbico
Acidum ascorbicum
acidum ascorbinicum
Ascorbate
Ascorbic acid
Ascorbinsäure
L-(+)-ascorbic acid
L-Ascorbate
L-Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin C
Vitamina C

External IDs

E 300
E-300
E300
FEMA NO. 2109
INS NO.300
INS-300
NSC-218455
NSC-33832

Indication

Used to treat vitamin C deficiency, scurvy, delayed wound and bone healing, urine acidification, and in general as an antioxidant. It has also been suggested to be an effective antiviral agent.

Pharmacology

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Associated Conditions

Common Cold
Deficiency, Vitamin A
Deficiency, Vitamin D
Fever
Flu caused by Influenza
Folate deficiency
Iron Deficiency (ID)
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Oral bacterial infection
Scurvy
Vitamin C Deficiency
Vitamin Deficiency

Associated Therapies

Nutritional supplementation
Vitamin supplementation

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

Contraindications

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Pharmacodynamics

Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin indicated for the prevention and treatment of scurvy, as ascorbic acid deficiency results in scurvy. Collagenous structures are primarily affected, and lesions develop in bones and blood vessels. Administration of ascorbic acid completely reverses the symptoms of ascorbic acid deficiency.

Mechanism of action

In humans, an exogenous source of ascorbic acid is required for collagen formation and tissue repair by acting as a cofactor in the posttranslational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins. Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid in the body. These two forms of the vitamin are believed to be important in oxidation-reduction reactions. The vitamin is involved in tyrosine metabolism, conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis of lipids and proteins, iron metabolism, resistance to infections, and cellular respiration.

Target	Actions	Organism
UHyaluronate lyase	inhibitor	Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (strain ATCC BAA-334 / TIGR4)
UDNA	cleavage	Humans
UXylose isomerase	substrate	Streptomyces rubiginosus
UProcollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2	cofactor	Humans
UPhytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal	cofactor	Humans
UProcollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3	cofactor	Humans
UGamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase	cofactor	Humans
UDopamine beta-hydroxylase	cofactor	Humans
UPeptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	cofactor	Humans
UProlyl 3-hydroxylase 1	cofactor	Humans
UProlyl 3-hydroxylase 2	cofactor	Humans
UProlyl 3-hydroxylase 3	cofactor	Humans
UProlyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1	cofactor	Humans
U2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1	cofactor	Humans
U2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 2	cofactor	Humans
UAlpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 2	activator	Humans
UAlpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 3	activator	Humans
ULysine-specific demethylase 5D	cofactor	Humans
UProcollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1	cofactor	Humans
UTrimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial	cofactor	Humans
UTransmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	cofactor	Humans
UEgl nine homolog 1	cofactor	Humans
UEgl nine homolog 2	cofactor	Humans
UEgl nine homolog 3	cofactor	Humans

Absorption

70% to 90%

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

25%

Metabolism

Hepatic. Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidised (by removal of the hydrogen from the enediol group of ascorbic acid) to dehydroascorbic acid. The two forms found in body fluids are physiologically active. Some ascorbic acid is metabolized to inactive compounds including ascorbic acid-2-sulfate and oxalic acid.

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Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

16 days (3.4 hours in people who have excess levels of vitamin C)

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

Adverseeffects

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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Oxidation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids	Metabolic
Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase Deficiency	Disease
The Oncogenic Action of Fumarate	Disease
Tyrosine Metabolism	Metabolic
Catecholamine Biosynthesis	Metabolic
Tyrosinemia Type I	Disease
Disulfiram Action Pathway	Drug action
Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation	Metabolic
Carnitine Synthesis	Metabolic
The Oncogenic Action of Succinate	Disease
Alkaptonuria	Disease
Hawkinsinuria	Disease
Refsum Disease	Disease
Tyrosinemia, Transient, of the Newborn	Disease
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency	Disease
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency	Disease
Monoamine Oxidase-A Deficiency (MAO-A)	Disease

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Approved
Vet approved
Nutraceutical
Illicit
Withdrawn
Investigational
Experimental
All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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Aluminum hydroxide	Ascorbic acid can cause an increase in the absorption of Aluminum hydroxide resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects.
Amphetamine	The serum concentration of Amphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ascorbic acid.
Benzphetamine	The serum concentration of Benzphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ascorbic acid.
Bleomycin	The therapeutic efficacy of Bleomycin can be decreased when used in combination with Ascorbic acid.
Bortezomib	The therapeutic efficacy of Bortezomib can be decreased when used in combination with Ascorbic acid.
Chlorpropamide	Ascorbic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Chlorpropamide which could result in a higher serum level.
Conjugated estrogens	The serum concentration of Ascorbic acid can be decreased when it is combined with Conjugated estrogens.
Cyclosporine	The serum concentration of Cyclosporine can be decreased when it is combined with Ascorbic acid.
Deferoxamine	The risk or severity of Cardiovascular Impairment can be increased when Ascorbic acid is combined with Deferoxamine.
Dextroamphetamine	The serum concentration of Dextroamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ascorbic acid.

Food Interactions

Avoid multivalent ions. Do not infuse with elemental compounds that can be reduced, such as copper.

Products2

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Product Images

International/Other Brands

Ascoltin / Ascorbicap

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Ascor	Injection	500 mg/1mL	Intravenous	McGuff Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2018-01-15	Not applicable
Ascor L 500	Solution	500 mg / mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Mcguff Pharmaceuticals Inc	2014-09-11	Not applicable
Ascor L 500	Injection, solution	25 g/50mL	Intravenous	McGuff Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2002-10-21	Not applicable
Ascorbic Acid	Injection, solution	500 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	American Regent	1989-12-15	2008-03-28
Ascorbic Acid	Injection, solution	500 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Remedy Repack	2015-10-09	2015-11-11
Ascorbic Acid	Injection, solution	500 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Fisiopharma Srl	2017-10-06	2017-10-06
Ascorbic Acid	Injection, solution	500 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Flon Laboratories Llc	2017-04-01	Not applicable
Ascorbic Acid	Injection, solution	500 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	American Therapeutic Medicines Inc.	2008-03-01	2010-12-30
Ascorbic Acid	Injection, solution	500 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Mylan Institutional LLC	1999-06-01	2010-02-12
Ascorbic Acid	Injection, solution	500 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	The Torrance Company	1999-06-01	2019-12-11

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Acerotab	Tablet	100 mg	Oral	Frega Inc.	1979-12-31	2008-02-13
Acti-scorb 1000 Caplet 1000mg	Tablet	1 g	Oral	Acti Form Ltd.	1991-12-31	2005-03-21
Acti-scorb 500 Caplet 500mg	Tablet	500 mg	Oral	Acti Form Ltd.	1991-12-31	2005-03-21
All Natural Source Juicy Orange Vitamin C	Tablet	500 mg	Oral	Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	1998-06-29	2009-09-28
Aromacura Shower Filter	Liquid	39 g/70g	Topical	Value Added Technology co., Ltd	2019-01-01	2019-02-01
Aromacura Shower Filter	Liquid	39 g/100g	Topical	Value Added Technology co., Ltd	2019-01-01	Not applicable
Ascorbic 500 Tab 500mg	Tablet	500 mg / tab	Oral	Pharmadex Laboratories Inc.	1993-12-31	1999-08-28
Ascorbic Acid 500mg	Tablet	500 mg	Oral	Great Earth Companies, Inc.	1998-08-25	2002-10-02
Ascorbic Acid Cap 500mg	Capsule	500 mg / cap	Oral	Thorne Research Inc.	1984-12-31	2000-09-18
ASCORBIC ACID INJECTION USP 500 mg/5 ml	Injection	500 mg/5ml	Intramuscular; Intravenous	PHEBRA (SE ASIA) PTE. LTD.	1991-05-21	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
24 Multivitamins + Minerals	Ascorbic acid (150 mg) + Beta carotene (10000 unit) + Biotin (25 mcg) + Calcium (130 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Choline bitartrate (25 mg) + Chromium (20 mcg) + Copper (1 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Ferrous fumarate (15 mg) + Folic acid (.8 mg) + Inositol (25 mg) + Magnesium (65 mg) + Manganese (2 mg) + Molybdenum (20 mcg) + Niacin (25 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (25 mg) + Potassium (15 mg) + Potassium Iodide (.1 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Racemethionine (25 mg) + Riboflavin (25 mg) + Selenium (20 mcg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Vanadium (20 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (5000 unit) + Vitamin E (50 unit) + Zinc (10 mg)	Tablet	Oral	Stanley Pharmaceuticals, A Division Of Vita Health Products Inc.	1997-04-30	2002-07-31
50 Plus	Ascorbic acid (200 mg) + Biotin (20 mcg) + Choline bitartrate (20 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (20 mcg) + Folic acid (.2 mg) + Inositol (20 mg) + Niacin (20 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (20 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg) + Racemethionine (20 mg) + Riboflavin (20 mg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (20 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (10000 unit) + Vitamin D (400 unit) + Vitamin E (20 unit)	Tablet	Oral	Quest Vitamins A Div Of Purity Life Health Products	1998-08-04	2001-07-06
50 Plus Multiple Vitamins & Minerals	Ascorbic acid (90 mg) + Biotin (45 mcg) + Calcium (200 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Chromium (10 mcg) + Copper (2 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Folic acid (0.4 mg) + Magnesium (100 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Molybdenum (25 mcg) + Nicotinamide (40 mg) + Pantothenic acid (10 mg) + Potassium Iodide (0.15 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg) + Riboflavin (3.2 mg) + Selenium (25 mcg) + Thiamine mononitrate (2.25 mg) + Vanadium (10 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (6000 unit) + Zinc (15 mg)	Tablet	Oral	Gfr Pharma Ltd.	2002-10-20	2004-06-15
A & C Powder	Ascorbic acid (7 mg / g) + Vitamin A (930 unit / g)	Powder, for solution	Oral	Standard Process Inc.	Not applicable	Not applicable
A.C.E.S. Capsules	Ascorbic acid (250 mg / cap) + Beta carotene (10000 unit / cap) + Selenium (.025 mg / cap) + Vitamin E (400 unit / cap)	Capsule	Oral	Bioforce Canada Inc.	1994-12-31	1997-04-04
ACE PLUS SELENYUM YUMUSAK KAPSUL, 30 ADET	Ascorbic acid (200 mg) + Beta carotene (200 mg) + Selenium (50 mg) + Vitamin E (200 mg)	Capsule	Oral	KOÇAK FARMA İLAÇ VE KİMYA SAN. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
ACECAP YUMUSAK KAPSUL, 30 ADET	Ascorbic acid (200 mg) + Beta carotene (20 mg) + Vitamin E (200 mg)	Capsule	Oral	KOÇAK FARMA İLAÇ VE KİMYA SAN. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
Aces Formula/formule A A S	Ascorbic acid (250 mg / cap) + Beta carotene (3333 unit / cap) + Selenium (25 mcg / cap) + Vitamin E (400 unit / cap)	Capsule	Oral	Quantofill Inc.	Not applicable	Not applicable
ACESCAP YUMUSAK KAPSUL, 30 ADET	Ascorbic acid (200 mg) + Beta carotene (20 mg) + Vitamin E (200 mg)	Capsule	Oral	KOÇAK FARMA İLAÇ VE KİMYA SAN. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
Acetabolan III Vitamin and Mineral Supplement	Ascorbic acid (250.0 mg) + Magnesium (112.5 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (2.63 mg) + Zinc (7.5 mg)	Capsule	Oral	Iovate Health Sciences International Inc.	2003-12-05	2007-07-18

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Abavite	Ascorbic acid (60 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.025 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (13.5 mg/1) + Ferrous sulfate (30 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (0.5 mg/1) + Niacin (15 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (0.25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.8 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.6 mg/1) + Vitamin A palmitate (0.33 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	ABACOS HEALTH	2021-03-31	Not applicable
Active FE	Ascorbic acid (160 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2100 [iU]/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (40 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1250 ug/1) + Iron (75 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (30 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (20 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Gm Pharmaceuticals	2013-11-11	Not applicable
Active OB	Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (320 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (2 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (30 mg/1)	Capsule, liquid filled	Oral	Gm Pharmaceuticals	2013-10-28	2017-03-31
Aromacura Shower Filter	Ascorbic acid (39 g/70g)	Liquid	Topical	Value Added Technology co., Ltd	2019-01-01	2019-02-01
Aromacura Shower Filter	Ascorbic acid (39 g/100g)	Liquid	Topical	Value Added Technology co., Ltd	2019-01-01	Not applicable
Aronamin Gold	Ascorbic acid (70 mg/1) + Fursultiamine (50 mg/1) + Hydroxocobalamin acetate (5.22 ug/1) + Riboflavin tetrabutyrate (2.5 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (20 mg/1)	Tablet, film coated	Oral	OASIS TRADING	2018-11-20	Not applicable
Ascorbic Acid	Ascorbic acid (500 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Mylan Institutional LLC	1999-06-01	2022-03-31
Ascorbic Acid	Ascorbic acid (500 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	American Therapeutic Medicines Inc.	2008-03-01	2010-12-30
Ascorbic Acid	Ascorbic acid (500 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Mylan Institutional LLC	1999-06-01	2010-02-12
Ascorbic Acid	Ascorbic acid (500 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Flon Laboratories Llc	2017-04-01	Not applicable

ATC Codes

G01AD03 — Ascorbic acid

G01AD — Organic acids
G01A — ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
G01 — GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS
G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES

A11GA01 — Ascorbic acid (vit c)

A11GA — Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), plain
A11G — ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C), INCL. COMBINATIONS
A11 — VITAMINS
A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

A11GB01 — Ascorbic acid (vit c) and calcium

A11GB — Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), combinations
A11G — ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C), INCL. COMBINATIONS
A11 — VITAMINS
A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

S01XA15 — Ascorbic acid

S01XA — Other ophthalmologicals
S01X — OTHER OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
S — SENSORY ORGANS

Drug Categories

Acids, Acyclic
Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
Antioxidants
Carbohydrates
Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
Diet, Food, and Nutrition
Food
Gastrointestinal Acidifying Agents
Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
Growth Substances
Gynecological Antiinfectives and Antiseptics
Hydroxy Acids
Micronutrients
Ophthalmologicals
Organic Acids
Physiological Phenomena
Protective Agents
Sensory Organs
Sugar Acids
Urinary Acidifying Agents
Vitamin C and analogues
Vitamins

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as butenolides. These are dihydrofurans with a carbonyl group at the C2 carbon atom.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class: Dihydrofurans
Sub Class: Furanones
Direct Parent: Butenolides
Alternative Parents: Vinylogous acids / Enoate esters / Secondary alcohols / Lactones / Enediols / 1,2-diols / Oxacyclic compounds / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Primary alcohols / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds show 2 more
Substituents: 1,2-diol / 2-furanone / Alcohol / Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Enediol / Enoate ester / Hydrocarbon derivative / Lactone / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organooxygen compound / Oxacycle / Primary alcohol / Secondary alcohol / Vinylogous acid show 10 more
Molecular Framework: Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors: ascorbic acid (CHEBI:29073) / Water-soluble vitamins (C00072)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

UNII: PQ6CK8PD0R
CAS number: 50-81-7
InChI Key: CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1
IUPAC Name: (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
SMILES: [H][C@@]1(OC(=O)C(O)=C1O)[C@@H](O)CO

Synthesis Reference

Lewis D. Morse, Paul A. Hammes, "Beverage containing stabilized vitamin C and iron and method of making same." U.S. Patent US3958017, issued October, 1972.

US3958017

General References

Padayatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y, Eck P, Kwon O, Lee JH, Chen S, Corpe C, Dutta A, Dutta SK, Levine M: Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Feb;22(1):18-35. [Article]
Meister A: Glutathione-ascorbic acid antioxidant system in animals. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 1;269(13):9397-400. [Article]
Englard S, Seifter S: The biochemical functions of ascorbic acid. Annu Rev Nutr. 1986;6:365-406. [Article]
Banhegyi G, Mandl J: The hepatic glycogenoreticular system. Pathol Oncol Res. 2001;7(2):107-10. [Article]
Proctor P: Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? Nature. 1970 Nov 28;228(5274):868. [Article]
Korcok J, Dixon SJ, Lo TC, Wilson JX: Differential effects of glucose on dehydroascorbic acid transport and intracellular ascorbate accumulation in astrocytes and skeletal myocytes. Brain Res. 2003 Dec 12;993(1-2):201-7. [Article]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Ascor Ascorbic Acid Intravenous Injection [Link]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0000044
KEGG Drug: D00018
KEGG Compound: C00072
PubChem Compound: 54670067
PubChem Substance: 46505070
ChemSpider: 10189562
BindingDB: 50090256
RxNav: 1151
ChEBI: 29073
ChEMBL: CHEMBL196
ZINC: ZINC000100006770
Therapeutic Targets Database: DNC000259
PharmGKB: PA451898
PDBe Ligand: ASC
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth: PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia: Vitamin_C

PDB Entries

1e71 / 1e72 / 1e73 / 1f9g / 1oaf / 1xid / 2x08 / 2yld / 2ylg / 3eka … show 31 more

MSDS

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Colonoscopy	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Common Cold / Flu caused by Influenza	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Constipation - Functional / Irritable Bowel Syndrome Characterized by Constipation	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Colon Adenomas / Colon Lesions / Colon Polyps	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Colonoscopy Preparation	1
4	Completed	Other	Cleansing Quality of the Colon	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Inflammation / Surgery, Cardiac	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Kidney Failure	1

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

American Regent
American Therapeutics Medicines Inc.
Bergen Brunswig
Bioniche Pharma
Chain Drug
CVS Pharmacy
Hainan Poly Pharm Co. Ltd.
Hospira Inc.
Ivax Pharmaceuticals
Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Mason Distributors
McGuff Co. Inc.
Medicine Shop
Merit Pharmaceuticals
Miller Pharmacal
Particle Dynamics Co.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Procter & Gamble
Rite Aid Corp.
Rugby Laboratories
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
Torrance Co.
Walgreen Co.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Syrup	Oral
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous
Tablet, chewable	Oral	250 mg/1
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Liquid	Topical	39 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	39 g/70g
Injection	Intravenous	500 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	25 g/50mL
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	500 mg / mL
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	500 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	500 mg/1mL
Syrup	Oral
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg / mL
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg/5ml
Powder	Oral	5 g / 5 mL
Tablet, effervescent	Oral
Granule, effervescent	Oral
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	400 MG
Bar, chewable	Oral
Liquid	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Elixir	Oral
Powder	Topical	0.375 g/75g
Capsule
Powder, for solution	Intravenous
Tablet	Transmucosal
Tablet, film coated	Oral	750 mg
Tablet	Oral	600 mg
Granule	Oral
Tablet	Oral	1000 mg / tab
Powder	Oral	272 mg / g
Tablet	Oral	350 mg / tab
Tablet	Oral	500 mg / tab
Wafer	Oral	300 mg / waf
Capsule, extended release	Oral
Tablet	Oral	150 mg
Liquid	Oral	50 mg / mL
Capsule	Oral	375 mg / cap
Solution
Granule	Oral	8.33 g
Tablet	Oral	333 mg / tab
Tablet	Oral	5.7 mg / tab
Solution / drops	Oral	50 mg / drop
Tablet, effervescent	Oral
Solution	Oral	83.33 mg
Granule	Oral	1 G
Granule	Oral	1000 mg
Granule	Oral	500 mg
Paste, dentifrice	Dental	3.5 %
Solution / drops	Oral	100 MG/ML
Solution	Oral	50 mg
Lozenge	Oral
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	125 mg
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous
Capsule	Oral
Injection, solution	Parenteral
Tablet, chewable	Oral
Tablet	Oral	300 mg / tab
Wafer	Oral	500 mg / waf
Liquid	Oral
Tablet	Oral	125 mg / tab
Granule	Oral	10 g
Liquid	Topical	5 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	1.5 g/100mL
Tablet, film coated
Capsule, liquid filled	Oral
Capsule	Oral	120 mg / cap
Capsule, coated	Oral
Tablet
Tablet	Oral	300 mg
Wafer	Oral
Capsule	Oral	200 mg / cap
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	1 g / tab
Tablet	Oral	200 mg / tab
Tablet, film coated	Oral	20 mg
Tablet	Oral	1 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral
Insert	Vaginal
Powder	Oral	15 mg / g
Tablet	Oral	15 mg / tab
Solution	Oral	10 g
Tablet	Oral	125 mg
Powder	Oral
Tablet, delayed release	Oral
Granule, for solution	Oral
Solution	Intravenous
Tablet, coated	Oral	150 mcg
Kit; powder	Oral
Tablet	Oral	750 mg / tab
Tablet, film coated	Oral	500 mg
Tablet, coated	Oral
Capsule	Oral
Pastille	Oral
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	1000 mg / tab
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	500 mg / tab
Injection
Capsule, extended release	Oral	0 -
Tablet, chewable	Oral	125 mg/1
Liquid	Oral	60 mg / mL
Liquid	Oral	250 mg / 5 mL
Liquid	Oral	100 mg / mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intravenous
Kit	Intravenous
Liquid	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	500 mg / mL
Kit	Oral
Tablet, chewable	Oral	30 mg
Tablet, chewable	Oral
Solution	Oral
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Liquid	Intravenous
Tablet	Oral	250 mg / tab
Powder, for solution	Oral	16.666 g
Tablet, orally disintegrating	Oral
Powder, for solution	Oral
Capsule	Oral	25 mg / cap
Tablet, chewable	Buccal	500 mg
Capsule	Oral	150 mg / cap
Liquid	Topical
Tablet	Oral	150 mg / tab
Powder	Oral	750 mg
Solution	Intravenous	7.5 g
Injection	Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Solution / drops	Oral
Tablet	Oral	1000 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Capsule, gelatin coated	Oral
Injection	Intravenous
Solution	Oral	200 mg
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	2 g
Syrup
Powder	Oral	1 g / 1.5 g
Tablet, chewable	Oral	100 mg
Stick	Oral	300 mg / g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	100 mg
Capsule	Oral	250 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1500 mg / tab
Kit	Oral	30 mg / pck
Liquid; tablet	Oral
Lozenge	Oral	100 mg / loz
Capsule	Oral	650 mg
Capsule	Oral	8 mg / cap
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1 g / srt
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1000 mg / tab
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Capsule; liquid	Oral
Capsule, extended release	Oral
Liquid	Oral
Solution	Oral	0.3 mg / mL
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	500 mg
Suppository	Vaginal	250 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intramuscular
Granule	Oral	33.33 mg
Capsule, coated	Oral	500 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1 g / tab
Granule	Oral	0.5 g
Liquid	Oral	550 mg / amp
Powder, for solution	Oral	25 g
Liquid	Topical	15 g/100g
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	500 mg
Emulsion	Oral
Tablet	Oral	500 mg/1
Capsule	Oral	1000 mg
Powder, for solution	Oral	7 g/1
Capsule	Oral	1 g / cap
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1000 mg / srt
Capsule	Oral	100 mg / cap
Tablet	Oral	1.5 g
Capsule	Oral	250 mg / cap
Tablet	Oral	400 mg / tab
Tablet, extended release	Oral	500 mg / srt
Granule	Oral	1000 mg / g
Powder	Oral	1.3 g / 1.25 mL
Powder	Oral	100 %
Powder	Oral	1200 mg / 0.25 tsp
Powder	Oral	2 g / 5 mL
Powder	Oral	3 g / tab
Powder	Oral	4 g / 5 mL
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1.8 g / tab
Tablet	Oral
Powder	Oral	1250 mg / 0.25 tsp
Capsule, extended release	Oral	500 mg / cap
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1.5 g / tab
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1.5 g / srt
Powder	Oral	1 g / 5 mL
Tablet	Oral	100 mg / tab
Tablet, extended release	Oral
Capsule, liquid filled	Oral	500 mg
Solution	Oral	100 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	1072.5 mg
Tablet, chewable	Buccal	250 mg
Solution	Parenteral	500 mg
Injection, solution		1 G/5ML
Injection, solution		500 MG/5ML
Tablet	Oral	0.5 g
Solution	Oral	10.4 g
Solution	Intravenous	100 mg
Tablet, chewable	Buccal
Injection, solution
Solution	Intramuscular	500 mg
Pill
Injection	Intravenous	1 g
Injection	Intravenous	2 g
Solution	Oral	1 G
Tablet	Oral	1 g
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	1 G
Syrup	Oral	1.5 g
Tablet	Oral	1 g / tab
Liquid	Oral	1 g / vial
Capsule	Oral	150 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	500 mg
Capsule	Oral	500 mg / cap
Liquid	Oral	500 mg / 10 mL
Tablet, extended release	Oral	500 mg / tab
Liquid	Topical	36 g/70g
Paste, dentifrice	Topical
Tablet	Oral	300 mg
Powder
Capsule	Oral	500 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	500 mg
Tablet	Oral	500 mg
Tablet	Oral	250 mg
Tablet	Oral	50 mg
Tablet	Oral	200 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	250 mg
Tablet, extended release
Tablet, coated	Oral	500 mg
Solution		100 mg/1ml
Injection, solution		100 mg/1ml
Syrup	Oral	100 mg/5ml
Solution		250 mg/1ml
Tablet, chewable	Oral	250 mg
Tablet, chewable	Oral	500 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	1000 mg
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	1000 mg
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	430 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	1000 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	500 mg
Solution
Tablet, effervescent
Powder		1000 mg/1sachet
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral	500 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	100 mg
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral	100 mg
Tablet	Oral	100 mg
Tablet	Oral	25 mg

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Cenolate 500 mg/1 ml ampul	1.74USD	ml
Cenolate 1 gm/2 ml ampul	1.21USD	ml
Calcium ascorbate powder	0.79USD	g
Ascorbic acid 222 mg/ml vial	0.35USD	ml
Ascor l 500 500 mg/ml vial	0.24USD	ml
Vitamin c 1500 mg tablet sa	0.22USD	tablet
CVS Pharmacy vit c ener boost 1000 mg	0.21USD	each
Cemill+bioflavonoids tablet	0.09USD	tablet
Vitamin c 1000 mg tablet sa	0.09USD	tablet
Cemill-1000 tablet	0.08USD	tablet
Vitamin c 1000 mg tablet	0.08USD	tablet
Cemill-500 tablet sa	0.07USD	tablet
CVS Pharmacy vitamin c 1000 mg tablet chw	0.06USD	tablet
Vitamin c 1000 mg caplet	0.06USD	caplet
Ascorbic acid 500 mg tablet	0.04USD	tablet
CVS Pharmacy vitamin c 1000 mg caplet	0.04USD	caplet
Pv ester-c 500 mg tablet	0.04USD	tablet
Vitamin c 500 mg chew tablet	0.04USD	tablet
Vitamin c 500 mg tablet	0.04USD	tablet
Vitamin c drops	0.04USD	tablet
Ra vitamin c cough drops	0.03USD	tablet
Vitamin c 250 mg tablet	0.03USD	tablet
Vitamin c 250 mg tablet chew	0.03USD	tablet
CVS Pharmacy vitamin c 500 mg caplet	0.02USD	caplet
CVS Pharmacy vitamin c 500 mg tablet	0.02USD	tablet
Ra vitamin c 100 mg tablet	0.02USD	tablet
Vicks vitamin c 60 mg drops	0.02USD	tablet

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US7169381	No	2007-01-30	2024-09-01
US7658914	No	2010-02-09	2024-09-01
US9326969	No	2016-05-03	2033-09-10
US9592252	No	2017-03-14	2032-08-11
US9707297	No	2017-07-18	2033-09-10
US8999313	No	2015-04-07	2033-09-10
US10016504	No	2018-07-10	2033-09-10
US10646512	No	2020-05-12	2032-03-25
US10792306	No	2020-10-06	2032-03-09
US10780112	No	2020-09-22	2032-03-09
US10918723	No	2021-02-16	2033-09-10

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	191 dec °C	PhysProp
water solubility	4E+005 mg/L (at 40 °C)	MERCK INDEX (1996)
logP	-1.85	AVDEEF,A (1997)
pKa	4.7 (at 10 °C)	KORTUM,G ET AL (1961)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	245.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-1.6	ALOGPS
logP	-1.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.14	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	4.36	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	107.22 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	37.03 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.93 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.6559
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.8532
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.771
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.6077
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.9097
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9807
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9008
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8133
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8696
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.6361
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.8958
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9478
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9347
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9383
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9662
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9249
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.8941
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.9417
Biodegradation	Ready biodegradable	0.9526
Rat acute toxicity	1.3059 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9676
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.9286

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Mass Spec (NIST)

Download (8.32 KB)

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B	GC-MS	splash10-004i-4900000000-e99089fd55560fb70cfe
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-0002-0912000000-baa8cffda0478e1bc197
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-00di-9400000000-8ff8f48bfa2dd4fd3cf5
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-00di-9400000000-c1dc72c6cbc49fbf3454
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-00di-9400000000-b207f4024993c5a74769
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-0002-0911000000-9af0c08e85e0c51a25c4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available

Targets

Drugtargets2

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Kind: Protein
Organism: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (strain ATCC BAA-334 / TIGR4)
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Hyaluronate lyase activity
Specific Function: Not Available
Gene Name: Not Available
Uniprot ID: Q54873
Uniprot Name: Hyaluronate lyase
Molecular Weight: 120770.645 Da

References

Li S, Taylor KB, Kelly SJ, Jedrzejas MJ: Vitamin C inhibits the enzymatic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 4;276(18):15125-30. Epub 2001 Jan 12. [Article]
Okorukwu ON, Vercruysse KP: Effects of ascorbic acid and analogs on the activity of testicular hyaluronidase and hyaluronan lyase on hyaluronan. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2003 Aug;18(4):377-82. [Article]
Botzki A, Rigden DJ, Braun S, Nukui M, Salmen S, Hoechstetter J, Bernhardt G, Dove S, Jedrzejas MJ, Buschauer A: L-Ascorbic acid 6-hexadecanoate, a potent hyaluronidase inhibitor. X-ray structure and molecular modeling of enzyme-inhibitor complexes. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 29;279(44):45990-7. Epub 2004 Aug 18. [Article]

Kind

Nucleotide

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Cleavage

DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.

References

Guarnieri S, Loft S, Riso P, Porrini M, Risom L, Poulsen HE, Dragsted LO, Moller P: DNA repair phenotype and dietary antioxidant supplementation. Br J Nutr. 2008 May;99(5):1018-24. Epub 2007 Oct 10. [Article]
Singh S, Rana SV: Amelioration of arsenic toxicity by L-Ascorbic acid in laboratory rat. J Environ Biol. 2007 Apr;28(2 Suppl):377-84. [Article]
Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC: Protection of arsenic-induced hepatic disorder by arjunolic acid. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Nov;101(5):333-8. [Article]
Chiou SH, Chang WC, Jou YS, Chung HM, Lo TB: Specific cleavages of DNA by ascorbate in the presence of copper ion or copper chelates. J Biochem. 1985 Dec;98(6):1723-6. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135445. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Streptomyces rubiginosus
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Xylose isomerase activity
Specific Function: Involved in D-xylose catabolism.
Gene Name: xylA
Uniprot ID: P24300
Uniprot Name: Xylose isomerase
Molecular Weight: 43226.915 Da

References

Li S, Taylor KB, Kelly SJ, Jedrzejas MJ: Vitamin C inhibits the enzymatic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 4;276(18):15125-30. Epub 2001 Jan 12. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Forms hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. These hydroxylysines serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units and are essential for the stability of the intermolecu...
Gene Name: PLOD2
Uniprot ID: O00469
Uniprot Name: Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2
Molecular Weight: 84685.07 Da

References

Yeowell HN, Walker LC, Murad S, Pinnell SR: A common duplication in the lysyl hydroxylase gene of patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome type VI results in preferential stimulation of lysyl hydroxylase activity and mRNA by hydralazine. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Nov 1;347(1):126-31. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0319. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Phytanoyl-coa dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Converts phytanoyl-CoA to 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA.
Gene Name: PHYH
Uniprot ID: O14832
Uniprot Name: Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal
Molecular Weight: 38538.065 Da

References

Mukherji M, Chien W, Kershaw NJ, Clifton IJ, Schofield CJ, Wierzbicki AS, Lloyd MD: Structure-function analysis of phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase mutations causing Refsum's disease. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Sep 1;10(18):1971-82. doi: 10.1093/hmg/10.18.1971. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Forms hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. These hydroxylysines serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units and are essential for the stability of the intermolecu...
Gene Name: PLOD3
Uniprot ID: O60568
Uniprot Name: Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3
Molecular Weight: 84784.505 Da

References

Yeowell HN, Walker LC, Murad S, Pinnell SR: A common duplication in the lysyl hydroxylase gene of patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome type VI results in preferential stimulation of lysyl hydroxylase activity and mRNA by hydralazine. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Nov 1;347(1):126-31. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0319. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: Catalyzes the formation of L-carnitine from gamma-butyrobetaine.
Gene Name: BBOX1
Uniprot ID: O75936
Uniprot Name: Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
Molecular Weight: 44714.6 Da

References

Dunn WA, Rettura G, Seifter E, Englard S: Carnitine biosynthesis from gamma-butyrobetaine and from exogenous protein-bound 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine by the perfused guinea pig liver. Effect of ascorbate deficiency on the in situ activity of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. J Biol Chem. 1984 Sep 10;259(17):10764-70. [Article]
Vaz FM, van Gool S, Ofman R, IJlst L, Wanders RJ: Carnitine biosynthesis. Purification of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from rat liver. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;466:117-24. [Article]
Rebouche CJ: Ascorbic acid and carnitine biosynthesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Dec;54(6 Suppl):1147S-1152S. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: L-ascorbic acid binding
Specific Function: Conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline.
Gene Name: DBH
Uniprot ID: P09172
Uniprot Name: Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Molecular Weight: 69064.45 Da

References

Suzuki E, Kurata T, Shibata M, Mori M, Arakawa N: Activities of D- and L-xyloascorbic acid and D- and L-araboascorbic acid as a cofactor for dopamine beta-hydroxylase reaction. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1997 Oct;43(5):491-6. [Article]
Pettingill TM, Strange RW, Blackburn NJ: Carbonmonoxy dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Structural characterization by Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 15;266(26):16996-7003. [Article]
Feng J, Shi J, Sirimanne SR, Mounier-Lee CE, May SW: Kinetic and stereochemical studies on novel inactivators of C-terminal amidation. Biochem J. 2000 Sep 1;350 Pt 2:521-30. [Article]
Menniti FS, Knoth J, Diliberto EJ Jr: Role of ascorbic acid in dopamine beta-hydroxylation. The endogenous enzyme cofactor and putative electron donor for cofactor regeneration. J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 25;261(36):16901-8. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 sequential steps in C-terminal alpha-amidation of peptides. The monooxygenase part produces an unstable peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) intermediate that is dismutat...
Gene Name: PAM
Uniprot ID: P19021
Uniprot Name: Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
Molecular Weight: 108331.35 Da

References

Romero I, Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta M, Maldonado R, Isabel Escribano M, Merodio C: Anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and stress-induced gene expression in high CO2-treated table grapes stored at low temperature. J Plant Physiol. 2008;165(5):522-30. Epub 2007 Jun 13. [Article]
Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Milczarek G, Arasimowicz M, Ciszewski A: Do nitric oxide donors mimic endogenous NO-related response in plants? Planta. 2006 Nov;224(6):1363-72. Epub 2006 Jun 14. [Article]
Crespo A, Marti MA, Roitberg AE, Amzel LM, Estrin DA: The catalytic mechanism of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase investigated by computer simulation. J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Oct 4;128(39):12817-28. [Article]
Kolhekar AS, Mains RE, Eipper BA: Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase: an ascorbate-requiring enzyme. Methods Enzymol. 1997;279:35-43. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(97)79007-4. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Protein complex binding
Specific Function: Basement membrane-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Has prolyl 3-hydroxylase activity catalyzing the post-translational formation of 3-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in...
Gene Name: P3H1
Uniprot ID: Q32P28
Uniprot Name: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1
Molecular Weight: 83393.195 Da

References

Osipyants AI, Poloznikov AA, Smirnova NA, Hushpulian DM, Khristichenko AY, Chubar TA, Zakhariants AA, Ahuja M, Gaisina IN, Thomas B, Brown AM, Gazaryan IG, Tishkov VI: L-ascorbic acid: A true substrate for HIF prolyl hydroxylase? Biochimie. 2018 Apr;147:46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 28. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Shows prolyl 3-hydroxylase activity catalyzing the post-translational formation of 3-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly-sequences in collagens, especially types II, IV and V.
Gene Name: P3H2
Uniprot ID: Q8IVL5
Uniprot Name: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2
Molecular Weight: 80983.685 Da

References

Osipyants AI, Poloznikov AA, Smirnova NA, Hushpulian DM, Khristichenko AY, Chubar TA, Zakhariants AA, Ahuja M, Gaisina IN, Thomas B, Brown AM, Gazaryan IG, Tishkov VI: L-ascorbic acid: A true substrate for HIF prolyl hydroxylase? Biochimie. 2018 Apr;147:46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 28. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Has prolyl 3-hydroxylase activity catalyzing the post-translational formation of 3-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly-sequences in collagens, especially types IV and V.
Gene Name: P3H3
Uniprot ID: Q8IVL6
Uniprot Name: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3
Molecular Weight: 81835.705 Da

References

Osipyants AI, Poloznikov AA, Smirnova NA, Hushpulian DM, Khristichenko AY, Chubar TA, Zakhariants AA, Ahuja M, Gaisina IN, Thomas B, Brown AM, Gazaryan IG, Tishkov VI: L-ascorbic acid: A true substrate for HIF prolyl hydroxylase? Biochimie. 2018 Apr;147:46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 28. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Gene Name: P4HA1
Uniprot ID: P13674
Uniprot Name: Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1
Molecular Weight: 61048.775 Da

References

Osipyants AI, Poloznikov AA, Smirnova NA, Hushpulian DM, Khristichenko AY, Chubar TA, Zakhariants AA, Ahuja M, Gaisina IN, Thomas B, Brown AM, Gazaryan IG, Tishkov VI: L-ascorbic acid: A true substrate for HIF prolyl hydroxylase? Biochimie. 2018 Apr;147:46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 28. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase that catalyzes 3-hydroxylation of 'Pro-62' of small ribosomal subunit RPS23, thereby regulating protein translation termination efficiency. Involved in stress granule formation.
Gene Name: OGFOD1
Uniprot ID: Q8N543
Uniprot Name: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase OGFOD1
Molecular Weight: 63245.655 Da

References

Kuiper C, Vissers MC: Ascorbate as a co-factor for fe- and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases: physiological activity in tumor growth and progression. Front Oncol. 2014 Dec 10;4:359. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00359. eCollection 2014. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
Specific Function: Not Available
Gene Name: OGFOD2
Uniprot ID: Q6N063
Uniprot Name: 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 2
Molecular Weight: 38996.065 Da

References

Kuiper C, Vissers MC: Ascorbate as a co-factor for fe- and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases: physiological activity in tumor growth and progression. Front Oncol. 2014 Dec 10;4:359. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00359. eCollection 2014. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Activator

General Function: Ferrous iron binding
Specific Function: Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine by oxidative demethylation. Can also repair alkylated DNA containing 1-ethenoadenine (in vitro). Has s...
Gene Name: ALKBH2
Uniprot ID: Q6NS38
Uniprot Name: DNA oxidative demethylase ALKBH2
Molecular Weight: 29322.22 Da

References

Duncan T, Trewick SC, Koivisto P, Bates PA, Lindahl T, Sedgwick B: Reversal of DNA alkylation damage by two human dioxygenases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16660-5. Epub 2002 Dec 16. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Activator

General Function: L-ascorbic acid binding
Specific Function: Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA containing 1-methyladenine (1meA) and 3-methylcytosine (3meC) by oxidative demethylation. Has a strong preference for single-stranded DNA. Able to process alk...
Gene Name: ALKBH3
Uniprot ID: Q96Q83
Uniprot Name: Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 3
Molecular Weight: 33374.495 Da

References

Duncan T, Trewick SC, Koivisto P, Bates PA, Lindahl T, Sedgwick B: Reversal of DNA alkylation damage by two human dioxygenases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16660-5. Epub 2002 Dec 16. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-...
Gene Name: KDM5D
Uniprot ID: Q9BY66
Uniprot Name: Lysine-specific demethylase 5D
Molecular Weight: 174071.34 Da

References

Lee MG, Norman J, Shilatifard A, Shiekhattar R: Physical and functional association of a trimethyl H3K4 demethylase and Ring6a/MBLR, a polycomb-like protein. Cell. 2007 Mar 9;128(5):877-87. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function: Forms hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. These hydroxylysines serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units and are essential for the stability of the intermolecu...
Gene Name: PLOD1
Uniprot ID: Q02809
Uniprot Name: Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1
Molecular Weight: 83549.55 Da

References

Salavoura K, Valari M, Kolialexi A, Mavrou A, Kitsiou S: A case of Ehlers Danlos syndrome type VI. Genet Couns. 2006;17(3):291-4. [Article]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Yeowell HN, Walker LC, Murad S, Pinnell SR: A common duplication in the lysyl hydroxylase gene of patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome type VI results in preferential stimulation of lysyl hydroxylase activity and mRNA by hydralazine. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Nov 1;347(1):126-31. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0319. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Trimethyllysine dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Converts trimethyllysine (TML) into hydroxytrimethyllysine (HTML).
Gene Name: TMLHE
Uniprot ID: Q9NVH6
Uniprot Name: Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight: 49517.2 Da

References

van Vlies N, Ofman R, Wanders RJ, Vaz FM: Submitochondrial localization of 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase - implications for carnitine biosynthesis. FEBS J. 2007 Nov;274(22):5845-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06108.x. Epub 2007 Oct 18. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors
Specific Function: Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates HIF1A at 'Pro-402' and 'Pro-564'. May function as a cellular oxygen sen...
Gene Name: P4HTM
Uniprot ID: Q9NXG6
Uniprot Name: Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase
Molecular Weight: 56660.535 Da

References

Vasta JD, Raines RT: Human Collagen Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Is Activated by Ligands for Its Iron Center. Biochemistry. 2016 Jun 14;55(23):3224-33. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00251. Epub 2016 May 31. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific prol...
Gene Name: EGLN1
Uniprot ID: Q9GZT9
Uniprot Name: Egl nine homolog 1
Molecular Weight: 46020.585 Da

References

Smirnoff N: Ascorbic acid metabolism and functions: A comparison of plants and mammals. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Jul;122:116-129. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.033. Epub 2018 Mar 20. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific prol...
Gene Name: EGLN2
Uniprot ID: Q96KS0
Uniprot Name: Egl nine homolog 2
Molecular Weight: 43650.03 Da

References

Nytko KJ, Spielmann P, Camenisch G, Wenger RH, Stiehl DP: Regulated function of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) oxygen sensor proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Sep;9(9):1329-38. [Article]
Bruegge K, Jelkmann W, Metzen E: Hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and chemical compounds targeting the HIF-alpha hydroxylases. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(17):1853-62. [Article]
Smirnoff N: Ascorbic acid metabolism and functions: A comparison of plants and mammals. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Jul;122:116-129. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.033. Epub 2018 Mar 20. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Cofactor

General Function: Peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific prol...
Gene Name: EGLN3
Uniprot ID: Q9H6Z9
Uniprot Name: Egl nine homolog 3
Molecular Weight: 27261.06 Da

References

Smirnoff N: Ascorbic acid metabolism and functions: A comparison of plants and mammals. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Jul;122:116-129. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.033. Epub 2018 Mar 20. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity
Specific Function: Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enha...
Gene Name: TXNRD1
Uniprot ID: Q16881
Uniprot Name: Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic
Molecular Weight: 70905.58 Da

References

Figueroa-Mendez R, Rivas-Arancibia S: Vitamin C in Health and Disease: Its Role in the Metabolism of Cells and Redox State in the Brain. Front Physiol. 2015 Dec 23;6:397. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00397. eCollection 2015. [Article]

Carriers

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Binder

General Function: Toxic substance binding
Specific Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name: ALB
Uniprot ID: P02768
Uniprot Name: Serum albumin
Molecular Weight: 69365.94 Da

References

Lozinsky E, Novoselsky A, Glaser R, Shames AI, Likhtenshtein GI, Meyerstein D: Effect of ionic strength on the binding of ascorbate to albumin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jul 3;1571(3):239-44. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00257-x. [Article]
Oelrichs BA, Kratzing CC, Kelly JD, Winzor DJ: The binding of ascorbate to bovine serum albumin. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1984;54(1):61-4. [Article]

Transporters

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Sodium-dependent l-ascorbate transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Sodium/ascorbate cotransporter. Mediates electrogenic uptake of vitamin C, with a stoichiometry of 2 Na(+) for each ascorbate.
Gene Name: SLC23A1
Uniprot ID: Q9UHI7
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 23 member 1
Molecular Weight: 64830.445 Da

References

Tsukaguchi H, Tokui T, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, Chen XZ, Wang Y, Brubaker RF, Hediger MA: A family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters. Nature. 1999 May 6;399(6731):70-5. [Article]
Wilson JX: Regulation of vitamin C transport. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:105-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647. [Article]
Kang JS, Kim HN, Jung da J, Kim JE, Mun GH, Kim YS, Cho D, Shin DH, Hwang YI, Lee WJ: Regulation of UVB-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 production in skin keratinocytes by increasing vitamin C uptake via the redistribution of SVCT-1 from the cytosol to the membrane. J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Mar;127(3):698-706. Epub 2006 Sep 28. [Article]
Johnston L, Laverty G: Vitamin C transport and SVCT1 transporter expression in chick renal proximal tubule cells in culture. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2007 Mar;146(3):327-34. Epub 2006 Dec 5. [Article]
Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV: SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake. Amino Acids. 2008 Apr;34(3):347-55. Epub 2007 Jun 1. [Article]
Perez MJ, Castano B, Gonzalez-Buitrago JM, Marin JJ: Multiple protective effects of melatonin against maternal cholestasis-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the rat fetal liver-placenta-maternal liver trio. J Pineal Res. 2007 Sep;43(2):130-9. [Article]
Steiling H, Longet K, Moodycliffe A, Mansourian R, Bertschy E, Smola H, Mauch C, Williamson G: Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter isoforms in skin: Distribution, kinetics, and effect of UVB-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Sep 1;43(5):752-62. Epub 2007 May 10. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Sodium/ascorbate cotransporter. Mediates electrogenic uptake of vitamin C, with a stoichiometry of 2 Na(+) for each ascorbate.
Specific Function: L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Gene Name: SLC23A2
Uniprot ID: Q9UGH3
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 23 member 2
Molecular Weight: 70336.235 Da

References

Wilson JX: Regulation of vitamin C transport. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:105-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Xenobiotic transporter activity
Specific Function: Facilitative glucose transporter. This isoform may be responsible for constitutive or basal glucose uptake. Has a very broad substrate specificity; can transport a wide range of aldoses including b...
Gene Name: SLC2A1
Uniprot ID: P11166
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1
Molecular Weight: 54083.325 Da

References

Wilson JX: Regulation of vitamin C transport. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:105-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Glucose transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Facilitative glucose transporter that can also mediate the uptake of various other monosaccharides across the cell membrane (PubMed:9477959, PubMed:26176916). Mediates the uptake of glucose, 2-deox...
Gene Name: SLC2A3
Uniprot ID: P11169
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3
Molecular Weight: 53923.785 Da

References

Wilson JX: Regulation of vitamin C transport. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:105-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Glucose transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter.
Gene Name: SLC2A4
Uniprot ID: P14672
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4
Molecular Weight: 54786.79 Da

References

Wilson JX: Regulation of vitamin C transport. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:105-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at December 04, 2021 10:27

Gnc Vitamin B Complex 125 With C

Source: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00126

Gnc Vitamin B Complex 125 With C